Side frame



May 10, 1927.

a. w. KA'DEL S IDE FRAME Filed Sept. 28. 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 1,628,544 M 1927" B. w. KADEL S IDB FRAME Filed Sept. 28. 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 May 10,1927. 1,628,544

B. w. KADEL SIDE FRAME Filed Sept. 28. 1923 V 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 m 1/0 IIII/IIIIII Ill/III Patented May 10, 1927.

\ UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BYERS W; KADEL, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS,

TO THE SYMINGTON COMIPANY,

A CORPORATION OF MARYLAND.

SIDE FRAME.

Application filed September 28, 1923.

My invention relates to side frame for car trucks and has been primarily designed to provide a Wrought metal construction which is both strong and stiff and very light in weight;

The invention, generally stated, resides in forming the car truck side frame with an inner sheet-metal wall and an outer sheet- .metal wall arranged in spaced relation, said walls being provided with symmetrically formed side frame portions and. being con nected by advantageously located rivets permitting a durable and economical construction of side frame. a

One of the principal features of the invention, particularly stated, involves the production of a car truck side frame from a continuous sheet or blank of wrought metalshaped to form inner and outer spaced side walls, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, aplurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, rivet means being used to unite adjacent side frame portions, the rivets connecting the truck col umn portions and the rivets uniting the bot-.

tom arch bar portions being located at points relatively remote from the junction of the truck column portions and beam member of the side frame whereby the metal at these critical points is permitted to maintain its full strength value.

Another object of the invention is to provide a pressed metal car truck side frame in which the side walls are provided with convenientl disposed flanges which can be easily and rmly united by rivets, the rivet openings provided in said flanges being iocate'd at points where the direct stresses are relatively small, thereby preventing the de velopment of progressive cracks from said. openings. v

A further object of the invent-ion resides in the production of a car truck side frame including inner and outer spaced metallic side walls, each of said walls being formed with corresponding side frame portions having inturned stiffening flanges, the flanges bordering the lower portion of the bolster opening being spaced to permit of the in- Serial No. 665,445.

troduction of a projection extending from the spring plank seat casting, said construction permitting of the distribution of the loads to the inner and outer side wall portions of the beam member beneath the bolster opening without deforming the in-- turned stiffening flanges disposed beneath the spring plank seat. I

Another object of the invention is to provide a car truck side frame having spaced inner and outer walls, each of said walls being shaped to provide curved recess portions adapted to contact similarly curved portions of the journal box whereby a strong and durable construction of side frame end and journal box is provided in which the maintenance costs are comparatively small.

A still further object of the invention to provide a car truck side frame having inner and outer spaced' metallic side walls the ends of which are formed with corru gated portions adapted to co-act with portions of the journal boxes.

The invention has for a further object the production of a wrought metal side frame, the respective inner and outer side walls of which are formed along their lower edges with inturned depending flanges, said flanges being spaced apart near the outer ends of the side frame and. adapted to receive therebetween a projection from the journal box, said flanges and projection being riveted for firmly connecting the innermost portion of the journal box to the side frame.

The invention further cons in the method of manufacturing a'car frame by forming the same inla. continuous sheet-metal blank having corresponding side frame portions which are symmetrically disposed with respect to an axis of symmetry passing between them, bending portions of said blank to form flanges, some of which are adapted to be abutted along the lower edges of the side frame and others of which are designed to be overlapped adjacent the bolster opening, and still other portions of which are disposed in spaced.

relation to receive a portion of the spring.

blank seat casting, and uniting said abutted truck side and overlapped flanges by riveting The method further consists in corrugating the inner and outer side walls near each end thereof for co-action with portions of the journal boxes, and arranging stiffening flanges adjacent shid corrugated portions in spaced relation for receiving still another portion of the journal box.

There are other features of the invention pertaining to the combination and particular arrangement of parts and details of construction all of which will hereii'ia'fjter appear.

In the drawings illustrating the invention, the scope whereof is pointed out in the claims:

Figure 1 is a. view in side elevation of a car truck side frame constructed in accordance with my present invention, a portion of the frame and journal box being shown in section.

Figure 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view on the line 22 of Figure 1 viewed in thedirection of the arrows.

Figure 3 is a detail end view of one end of the side frame and a portion of the journal box connected thereto.

Figure 4; is a detail horizontal sectional view on the line l4: of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a detail vertical transverse sectional view on the line 55 of Figure 1 viewed in the direction of the arrows.

Figure 6 is a detail transverse sectional view through the united bottom arch bar portions of the side walls taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 1. I

Figure 7 is a detail horizontal sectional view on the line 77 of Figure 1.

Figure 8 is a similar view on the line 8-S of Figure 1.

Figure 9 is a detail view of a brake hanger composed of wrought metal members capable of use with my improved side frame.

Figure 10 is a plan view of the blank or sheet of metal from which the side. frame is formed, the full lines indicating the contour of the blank prior to its flanging and folding, the dotted. lines designating the portions of the blank which are flanged, and the dot and dash lines indicating the shape of the plate from which the side frame is formed.

Figure 11 is a detail view of a modified form of side frame and spring plank seat member.

l igure 12 is a detail vertical transverse sectional view through the side frame and seat member shown in Figure 11.

Figure 13 is a plan view of the seat member and spring plank shown in Figures 11 and 12.

Fip ;n1*e 1% is a modified construction side frame end and journal box shown sectional elevation.

v Figure 15 is a horizontal sectional view on the line 1515 of Figure 14.

Figure 16 is a vertical transvese sectional view on the line 1616 of Figure 14;.

Referring to the drawings in which similar reference characters designate corresponding parts in the several views, the side frame involves an outer sheet-metal wall 1 and an inner sheet-metal wall 2 preferably formed from a continuous sheet or blank of metal suitably shaped, folded and united to provide a compression member, tension member and truck columns of the side frame. Each side wall is formed with a plurality of top arch bar portions 3, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions 4-, and a plurality of truck column portions The lower edges of the top arch bar portions are formed with inwardly extending stiffening flanges 6, and the upper edges of the bottom arch bar portions are formed with similarly extending flanges 7, the respective flanges 6 and 7 being united by inwardly extending flanges 8 provided on the outer edges of the truck column portions.

The sides of the truck column portions adjacent the bolster opening are bordered by stiflening flanges 9 which preferably are continued across the upper portion of the bolster opening. The column stiffening flanges 9 are also designed to merge into connecting flanges 10 which border the lower end of the bolster opening and stilfen the portions of the inner and outer walls by which the lower ends of the truck columns are integrally united. The inner opposed edges of the inturned stiflening flanges 10 are arranged in spaced relation, as shown, the spacing of said flanges extending the full length of the bolster opening so as to permit the introduction of a projecting portion of the spring plank seat member between the inner and outer walls of the side frame to be hereinafter referred to.

The column flanges 9 are each provided with an edge portion 11 constituting a projection extending beyond the center of the side frame. The projecting portions 11 are overlapped in abutted relation and united by means of a rivet 12. The rivets 12 are located well above the critical points of the side frame at the junction of the bottom arch barportions and the truck column portions. The rivet openings provided in the projecting edge portions 11 of the respective flanges 9 are spaced from the points tangent of the truck columns and formed in portions of the metal not subjected to bending or stretching incident to the construction of the side frame.

As best shown in Figure 8. the riveted overlapped portions 11 of the column flanges are offset with respect to adjacent port-ions of said flanges. the angular disposition of the portions 11 being formed so as to readily overlap and be firmly connected by the rivet 12, which rivet is preferably disposed at sis ltlt) right angles to the angular offset of the overlapped portions. This. construction permits the flanges 9 at their unctions with the side walls of the truck column portions to be bent about similar radii and to be formed of corresponding size, the uniting of the offset overlapped portions being easily effected without stretching the metal in which the rivet openings are formed.

The upper portions of the column flanges 9 are preferably disposed at an angle as best shown in Figure 7, suitable bolster wear plates 13 being connected to the angular portions of the flanges by means rivets 14. Each bolster plate 13 is provided with pressed out portions formin recesses 15 adapted to receive the heads of the rivets 1-12 in counter-sunk relation to the wearing face of the plate, the pressed portion of the plate contacting the adjacent gular face of the truck column flange and being firmly united thereto by the rivets.

The bottom arch bar portions 4: which extend at an angle to the top arch bar portions merge with and are integrally united to said top arch bar portions of the respective inner and outer walls above the journal boxes at the ends of the truck.

flange, the horizontal web of which is indicated by the numeral 16 and the vertical web of which is indicated by the numeral 17. The angular flanges are united by means of rivets 18 disposed at intervals along the vertical abutted portions 17, said portions being preferably abutted centrally of the side frame. The vertically disposed portions 17 of the bottom arch bar flanges are not continued beneath the lower portion of the beam member uniting the truck columns, said portions preferably terminating short of the lowermost portion of the side frame so as to afford the greatest possible rail clearance and at the same time obtain a very strong rivet connection of the abutted depending portions of the flanges adjacent the critical points of the sideframe. The lowermost rivet uniting the abutted portions of the bottom arch bar flanges is located beyond the point tangent of the beam member of the truck thereby permitting the'rivet opening to be su'tliciently removed from the bent or stretched portion of the metal so as to reduce the development of progressive crar s from this opening to a minimum. The rela tive locations of the rivets uniting the true r column flanges and the lowermost rivets uniting the flanges of the bottom arch bar portions are such that the portions of the metal in which the rivet openings are formed are located outside of the area subjected to the bending stresses of the metal at the junctions of the truck columns and bottom arch, bar portions. The maximum strength value of the metal is therefore maintained at points Each bottom arch bar portion includes an angularly disposed projecting portion 20 extending from thejournal box 21. The projecting portion 20 extends between the vertical flanged portions which are spread apart suiliciently to receive the same, as best shown in Figure The ends of the inturned stiffening flanges of the bottom arch bar portions are shaped at the ends of the side frame to form curved journal box recesses, the upper portion of the journal boxes being similarly curved for positioning therein. l e upper portion of the journal box is provided with a longitudinally extending rib 22, said rib being located centrally of the side frame and dis posed in longitudinal alinement with the projection 20 extending from the inner wall of the journal box. Transversely disposed ribs 23 intersect the longitudinally extending rib 22, said rib construction providing a strong bearing surface contacting the undercurved faces of the stiffening flanges of the bottom arch bar portions. The flanges are preferably spaced apart at the ends of the side frame, as shown in Figure 4-, portions of flanges centrally of the journal box being extended toward the central rib 22, as shown.

Each side wall at the respective ends of the side frame is corrugated by depressing a portion of each wall inwardly of the side frame to form the conelike corrugations 24. The depressed portion of each corrugation is adapted to receive an adjacent upstanding portion 25 of the journal box, said portion being preferably curved to correspond to the curvature of the corrugation and ronnected to the adjacent side wall portions by means of rivets 26. The upstanding portions 1 25 of the journal box are designed to snugly engage, at their upper ends, the adjacent depressed portion of the corrugation where by a very firm and rigid connection is effected between the side frame and journal box and one in which the shear strains upon the attaching rivets is considerably lessened.

Referring to Figures M- to 16. I have disclosed a modified construction of journal box and side frame end in which the journal box is provided with an upstanding longitudinally disposed reinforcing rib 27. said rib being centrally located of the side frame and projecting upwardly between the inturned stiffening flanges 28 forming the journal box recess. The rib 27'is disposed in longitudinal alinement with and preferably constitutes a continuation of the projection 29 of the journal box to which the vertical portions of the bottom arch bar flanges are connected by means of the rivets 30. The

rib 27 is a height sufficient to materially increase the strength value of the journal boxes and unite the side walls thereof in a very rigid construction. The upstanding portions 31 of the journal box are disposed within the corrugations 32, said upstanding portions being connected to adjacent portions of the side walls by means of rivets In this modified construction the top bearing surface of the journal box is ribbed but disposed in substantially a horizontal plane, the stiffening flanges of the bottom arch bar portions of the side frame over lying and contacting said ribbed surface, as shown.

The beam member of the side frame is designed to receive a spring-plank seat member 34 having depending longitudinally disposed flanges 35 embracing the side walls of the frame, as clearly shown in Figure 2. The spring plank seat member is Pl'OYltlHl with transversely disposed flanges or ribs 36 located at each end of the seat member and uniting the longitudinally disposed flanges or ribs 35. The web or body portion of the seat member projects beyond the depending flanges and is designed to receive the spring plank 37. Reinforcing bracing ribs 38 unite the extensions of the body portion with the depending flanges 35.

The spring plank seat member is provided with a depending centrally located longitudinally extending rib 39, said rib extending substantially the full length of the seat member and arranged between the inner opposed faces of the side walls 1 and 2. The rib 39 is let in between the inwardly ex tending stiffening flanges 1O bordering the lower portion of the bolster opening, said flanges being spaced apart, as hereinbefore described. The lower portion of the depending reinforcing rib 39 is preferably flanged, as at 40, said rib and flange acting to greatly increase the strength value of the seat member and more especially the longitudinal and central portion thereof whereby the loads are uniformly distributed to the side walls of the side frame and not directly to tho inturned flanges 10 stiffening said walls. The transversely disposed upstanding ribs 36 are preferably enlarged intermediate their ends, said enlarged por tions being located in longitudinal alinement with the depending rib The body portion of the seat member or saddle casting is provided with an upstanding annular rib 41 designed to form a pivot boss for the spring plank member when it is desired to use a flexible connection between the plank and side frame.

Referring to Figures 11 to 13, there is shown a modified construction of saddle casting and spring plank in which the spring plank 42 is connected to an. inward extension 43 of the .addle casting 44%, Riv

4 ee/a easets 45 rigidly connectthe. spring plank to the extension 43, said rivets being located upon opposite sides of an angularly ar ranged upstanding rib 45 disposed longitudinally of the seat member and uniting the upstanding transverse flanges 46 at each end thereof. The transversely extending ribs 46 are continued inwardly of the side frame to the edge of the extension 43, as best shown in Figure 13. A very strong gussetconnection is produced as the result of the formation of the extension 43 and upstanding rib 45 capable of rigidly uniting the end of the spring plank 42 to the saddle member.

The saddle casting 4a is provided with depending longitudinally disposed ribs or flanges 17 t lesigned seas to permit the casting to fulcrum about intermediate portions 48 of said ribs, the adjacent inner faces of the ribs being flared outwardly toward the ends of the casting from the fulcrum points to permit of. this rocking movement, see l igure 13. The transversely disposed upstanding ribs 46 are united at their outer ends by the upstanding rib or wall 49 which serves to retain the springs in position upon the body portion of the saddle casting. A. depending rib 50. extends from the underside of the body portion of the casting between the inner opposed faces of the respective walls of the side frame, said rib being let down between the spaced apart inwardly extending stiffening flanges bordering the lower portion of the bolster opening.

Referring to Figures 2 and 9, there is shown a brake hanger composed of complementary sect-ions 51 and 52 formed of pressed metal, said sections being united by rivets 53 disposed upon opposite sides of the bearing portion 54; receiving the brake hanger.

The method of manufacturing my improved car truck side frame consists in shaping a continuous sheet-metal blank having corresponding side frame portions which are symmetrically disposed with respect to the axis of symmetry of the blank passing between them, bending portions of the blank to form flanges some of which are overlapped transversely of the side frame and others of which are abutted and united longitudinally thereof, the longitudinally disposed flanges being vertically disposed and relatively enlarged for connection to the journal boxes, bending. other portions of the blank to form corrugations near the ends thereof for coaetion with the journal boxes, folding the blank along a line at the top of the side frame, and uniting the overlapped and abutted flanges. It will also be perceived that my improved method consists in shaping the flanges of the blank bordering the lower portion of the bolster opening so as to permit the insertion of the depending Ill portion of the spring plank saddle casting or seat member. j

My improved method also involves the forming of a blank from a rectangular plate havin substantially equal sides, the opposite portions upon each side of the axis of symmetry of the blank providing corre sponding side frame portions, some of which portions, such as the bottom arch bar portions, being formed with extensions providing flanges, said flanges being of a Width greater than one half the distance between the opposite Walls of the foldedfblank. In the present construction the flanges of the blank forming. the spring seat portions of the side framedetermine the relative width of the blank, the relatively wide flanges of the terminating adjacent the outer wall of the journal box and preferably short thereof, the inner wall of said journal box being engaged by the outer edge of the relatively enlarged ends of the dependingportions 17 of the bottom arch bar l etlective abutment provided for resisting strains tending to rotate the box in one direction. The relative rotation of the journal box in the opposite direction is prevented by the rigid rivet connection of the abutment portion of the dependingflanges with the journal box. The curved portioi s of the bottom arch bar flanges provide a journal box bearing surface which co-acts with the abi'it-ment member and rigid tie means, and together with the ups'anding portions of the journal box. which are connected to the side walls of the side titanic, to inn :1 very strong construction of side frame and journal box. 7

A car truck side frame constructed in accordance with my present invention can be produced of comparatively light weight wrought metal, the beniiling and uniting of adjacent portions being rapidly el'l'ected by the most advantageously employed riveting means which assures a very strong and durable 'ide frame. It will also be noted that the cr cal points of the side frame are rendered e: ;ceedin= 'lv strong by the location of the rivet open ngs at points removed therefrom.

Having thus described my invention, 1 claim: Y I j l. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation,

iges whereby an each of said walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions being provided with flanges having portions thereof projecting inwardly of the side walls and downwardly therefrom, and means including a plurality of rivets uniting the downwardly extending portions of said flanges, the lowermost of said rivets being located at a point relatively remote from the critical uoints of the side frame at the junctions OI the truck column portions with the bottom arch bar portions.

2. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, flanges provided on said bottom arch bar portions, and rivet means uniting said flanges centrally and longitucl nally of the side frame, the innermost of said rivets from the ends of the side frame being spaced from the critical pointsthereot at the junctions of the. truck column portions with the bottom arch bar portions.

3. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said ails having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, depending flanges formed on the bottom arch bar portions, said llan 'es being united longitudinally of the side i116 by rivets, the innermost of said rivets from the ends of the side frame being located in remote relation to the portions of the side walls forming the critical points of the side name.

1-. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spa-ted relation, each of said walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, flanges provided on said bottom arch bar portions, said flanges tenni nating short of the intermediate part of the bottom arch bar portions and disposed so as not to extend beneath the bottom of the side frame, and rivet means uniting said flanges, the lowermost of said rivets being located in spaced relation from the portions of the side walls at the junctions of the truck column portions and bottom arch bar portions.

A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, flanges provided on said bottom arch bar portions, and means including a rivet uniting said flanges at a point beyond where the adjacent portions of the iii) bottom arch bar portions change from hori zontal to sloping position.

(3. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, aplurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, said truck column portions being provided with inwardly extending flanges having portions thereof adapted to be overlapped, and means including a rivet uniting said flanges, said rivet being remotely located with respet to the juncture points of the truck column portions with the bottom arch bar portions.

7. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truclc column portions, flanges provided on said trucl: column portions, and means includinga rivet directly uniting said flanges at a point located above the junction of the truck LOldlflD portions with the bottom arch bar portions.

8. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a ilurality of truck column portions, flanges provided on said truck column portions, said flanges being provided with extended portions adapted to be overlapped, and means including a rivet uniting said overlapped portions, said rivet being located centrally of the side frame and in vertical. bend formed at the junction of the truck column portions with the bottom arch bar portions.

9. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, flanges provided on said .rncl: column portions, said flanges being provided with extensions adapted'to be overlapped, and means including a rivet unitingsaid overlapped extensions, said rivet being located beyond the point where the adjacent portions of the bottom arch bar portions meet the adjacent truck column portions.

10. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, inwardly extending flanges provided on said truck COlLllilD portions, the inner edge portions of said flanges being angular-1y disposed with respect to adjacent portions thereof, and means uniting said angularly disposed edge portions.

11. A car truck side frame involving inner spaced relation from the (oi-ner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation,

tion, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, inwardly extending flanges provided on said truck column portions, each of said flanges having a portion along the inner edge thereof Offset, said oilset portions being adapted to be overlapped and united by means passing through said overlapped portions and disposed at right angles to the angular offset thereof.

13. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, flanges provided on said truck column portions, said flanges having their inner edge portions angularly disposed With relation to adjacent portions of the flanges and arranged in abutted overlapped relation, and means including a rivet uniting said overlapped portions.

14. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said Walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, flanges provided on said truck column portions, said flanges having their inner ed 'e portions angularly disposed with relation to adjacent portions of the flanges, said inner edge portions being overlapped, and means including a rivet uniting said overlapped portions, said rivet passing through the angularly disposed edge portions at right angles thereto.

15. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, flanges provided on said truck column portions, said flanges projecting inwardly from the side walls and being disposed in the same plane transversely of the side frame, said flanges havingtheir inner edge portions offset with respect to said transverse plane, and means uniting said edge portions centrally of the side frame.

16. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, flanges provided on said truck column portions, said flanges having their inner edge portions bent and arranged in overlapped relation at points remotely located from the critical points of theside frame occurring at the junction of the truck column portions and bottom arch bar portions, and means uniting said overlapped portions.

17. A car truck side frame involving innor and outer Walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bot tom arch bar portions, and a plurality of truck column portions, flanges provided on said truck column portions, said flanges having theirinner edge portions bent and disposed in overlapped relation at points remotely located from the critical points of 1 the side frame occurring at the junctions of the truck column portions and bottom arch bar portions, and means including a rivet uniting said overlapped portions, said rivet being located centrally of the side frame.

18. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions having flanges, rivet means uniting said flanges, the lowermost of said rivets being located beyond the critical point occur ring in the side frame at the junction of the truck column portions and bottom arch bar portions, flanges provided on said truck colunm portions, and means including a rivet uniting said truck column flanges, said rivet being arranged above the aforesaid critical point, the rivet uniting the truck column flanges and the lowermost rivet uniting the bottom arch bar flanges being disposed in a plane extending through the side rame be yond a plane passing through the critical point of the side frame.

19. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced rel a lion, each of said Walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions having their outer ends curved to form journal box recesses.

20. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions having inwardly extending flanges, the upper ends of which are arcuately shaped to provide journal box recesses.

:21. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a, plurality of truck column portions, a plurality'of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions being provided with inwardly extend ing flanges shaped at their outer ends to provide journal box recesses, each of the side walls ofthe side frame being formed with corrugations adj arent the inwardly extending flanges formed in the journal box recesses.

22. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation,

each of said walls having a. plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch'bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions being provided with stiffening flanges shaped to provide journal box recesses at the ends of the side frame, and reinforcing means including corrugations formed in the side walls of the frame adjacent the journal bor recesses, said corrugations being adapted to receive a portion of the journal box.

23. A car truck side frame involving inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said bottom archbar portions being provided with dependingflanges adapted to be united, said flanges being formed with portions designed to be connected to an adjacent journal box.

Bel. A car trucl; side frame comprising an inner sheetanetal wall and an outer sheetmetal wall arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls being provided with depending flanges, means uniting said flanges centrally of the side frame, ournal boxes having portions connected to the inner and outer walls. and means uniting another portion of the journal box to said depending flanges.

25. A car truck side frame including in combination, inner and outer walls, flanges depending from said walls, means uniting said flanges longitudinally of the side frame, journal boxes having portions connected to said inner and outer walls, and means connecting another portion of said journal boxes to said depending flanges.

26. A car truck side frame including in combination, inner and outer sheet-metal walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said wallshaving a depending flange disposed longitudinally of the side frame, means uniting said depending flanges centrally of the side frame, journal boxes each having port-ions connected to the inner and journal lJOXGS'QtLCll having portions connectcd to the inner and outer walls, each of said journal boxes having a pro ection extending between spaced portions of said depending flanges, and means uniting said spaced flanges and projection of the journal box longitudinally of the side frame.

28. In combination, a car truck side frame having inner and outer walls, each of said walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, flanges provided on said bottom arch bar portions, rivet means uniting said flanges longitudinally of the side frame, and a journal box having a portion connected to said flanges.

29. In combination, a car truck side frame having inner and outer walls, each of said walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, depending flanges provided on said bottom arch bar portions, said flanges being connected in abu'ttcd relation for a portion of their length and spaced apart at their ends, a journal box having a projection extending between the spaced portions of said flanges, and rivet means rigidly connecting the spaced flanges and journal box pro jection.

30. In combination, a. car truck side frame having inner and outer walls, each of said valls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, flanges provided on said bottom arch bar portions having depending poi.- tions connected in abutted relation throughout a portion of their length, said depending portions being spaced apart near the ends of the side frame, and journal boxes each having a projection disposed within the space formed between the depending portions, and means including a plurality of rivets uniting said journal box projection and depending portions of the flanges centrally of the side frame.

31. A car truck side frame including in combination inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a bolster opening and corresponding side frame portions, stiffening flanges'projecting inwardly from said Walls and bordering the bolster opening, said flanges being united along the vertical portions of the bolster opening and disposed in spaced relation at the lower end thereof, and a spring plank seat member having portions embracing the inner and outer walls of the side frame, said nien'iber having a longitudinally disposed depending rib designed to project between the spared edges of the flanges at the bottom of the bolster opening.

2:32. In combination, a car truck side frame having inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a bolster opening, a spring plank, and a spring plank seat member having portions embracing the side wall, said seat member being provided with a portion extending between said walls at the bottom of the bolster opening.

In combination, a car truck side frame involving an inner sheet-metal wall and an outer sheet-metal will, each of said walls having a plurality of truck column portions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, and a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch portions being provided :ith inwardly extending flanges having their inner edges disposed in spaced relation, and a member adapted to receive a spring plank, said member having a depending rib disposed longitudinally of the side frame between the spaced inner edges of said flanges.

In ColllbidfttlOll, a car truck side frame :omprising inner and outer walls arranged in spaced relation, each of said walls having a bolster opening, a plurality of truck column port-ions, a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, said bottom arch bar portions being provided with inwardly extending flanges at the bottom of the bolster opening, a spring plank, and a saddle casting connected to said spring plank, said casting having portions embracing the inner and outer walls of the side frame longitudinally thereof and being provided with a projection paralleling the portions of the seat member embracing the walls of the frame, said projecting portion being located centrally of the side frame.

The combination with a car truck side frame having a portion forming a journal box abutment member, of a journal box having a wall contacting said member, and common means connecting the journal box to said abutment member and uniting inner and outer walls of said frame.

36. The combination with a car truck side frame, of a journal box, means provided on frame having inner and outer walls, of a journal box having a projection, means pro vided on the side frame, extending from iach wall and contacting said box for preventing relative rotation thereof, and means connecting the aforesaid means to the projection formed on the journal box.

The combination with a car truck side frame with spaced side walls, of a journal box, and means including an abutment member provided 011 each wall of said side frame and adapted to contact the inner wall of the journal box, a projection on said journal box, and means connecting the projection to said abutment members.

39. The combination with a car truck side frame having an end portion forming a curved journal box bearing surface, of a journal box having a portion engaging said surface, means including an abutment member adapted to engage said journal box, and means rigidly connecting said abutment member to the journal box at a plurality of oints.

40. A blank for a side frame 'men'iber of a cartruck, adapted to be folded along a line parallel to an axis of symmetry dividing the blank, said blank being formed from a rectangular plate having substantially equal sides and being provided with a plurality of top arch bar portions, a plurality of bottom arch bar portions, and a plurality of spring seat portions, said bottom arch bar portions being formed with extensions providing flanges on the finished frame which are of a greater width than one half the distance between the adjacent walls thereof and adapted to engage for connecting said walls.

41. A blank for a side frame member of a car truck adapted to be folded along a line parallel to an axis of symmetry dividing the blank, said blank being formed from a rectangular plate having substantial- 1y equal sides, said blank being provided with corresponding side frame portions, some of which portions are formed with adjacent portions which are positioned adjacent each other and extend beyond. the lines of the side elevation of the finished frame, said portions being greater in width than one half the distance between the adjacent walls of the folded blank.

42. The method. of producing a :ar truck side frame which consists in forming the same from a continuous sheet-metal blank having corresponding side frame portions which are symmetrically disposed with respect to an axis of symmetry passing between them, bending portions of said blank to form flanges, corrugating portions of said blank adjacent some of said flanges, folding the blank along a line at the top of the side frame and uniting portions of said flanges.

The method of producing a car truck side frame which consists in forming the same from a continuous sheet-metal blank having corresponding side frame portions which are symmetrically disposed with respect to an axisrof symmetry passing between them, bending portions of said blank to form flanges, folding the blank whereby some of said flanges are overlapped and other of said flanges are spaced apart, and uniting the overlapped flanges with the spaced flanges forming an opening for the reception of the projection extending from the spring plank seat member.

-14. The method of producing a car truck side frame which consists in forming the same from a continuous sheet-metal blank having corresponding side frame portions which are symmetrically disposed with respect to an axis of symmetry passing be tween them, bending portions of said blank to form flanges, bending portions of some of the flanges to provide angularly disposed offset portions, folding the blank whereby the angularly disposed portions of the flanges are overlapped, and uniting the overlapped flanges.

4-5. The method of producing a car truck side frame which consists in forming the same from a continuous sheet-metal blank having corresponding side frame portions which are symmetrically disposed with respect to an axis of symmetry passing'between them, bending port-ions of said blank to form flanges, which flanges are of a width greater than one half the distance between the opposite walls of the finished frame, and directly uniting said flanges.

46. The method of producing a car truck side frame which consists in forming the same from a continuous sheet-metal blank having corresponding side frame portions which are symmetrically disposed with respect to an axis of symmetry passing between them, bending portions of said blank to form flanges which are of a width greater than one half the distance between the opposite walls of the finished side frame, bending said flanges, and uniting the bent portions thereof.

47., The method of producing a car truck side frame which consists in forming the same from a continuous sheet-metal blank having corresponding side frame portions which are symmetrically disposed with re spect to an axis of symmetry passing between them, bending portions of said blank to form flanges which are of a width greater than one half the distance between the opposite walls of the finished frame, bending said flanges to form upright portions disposed longitudinally of the side frame, and uniting the bent portions of said flanges centrally of said frame.

as, method of producing a truck side frame whichv consists in forming the same from a continuous sheet-metal, blank having corresponding side 't'ranie portions which are symmetrically disposed with re spect to an axis of symmetry passing between them bending portions of said blank to form flanges which are of a Width great-er than the distance between the opposite Walls of the finished frame, bending said flanges, uniting the bent portions of said flanges, and sprezuiiing the outer ends of the bent portions of said flanges to receive a portion of a journal box.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

BYERS V. KADEL. 

